Caesar Cipher

Lab Java Intermediate 20 points

Read a shift k (0–25) and a line. Shift every letter k places forward, wrapping around and keeping case. Other characters stay the same.

Input

Line 1: k. Line 2: the text.

Output

The encoded text.

Example

Input

3
Hello, World!

Output

Khoor, Zruog!

Sample input available Sample output available

Editor

Java

Hints

c - 'a' gives the letter's position 0-25.

Add k, take % 26, then add 'a' back and cast to char.

Solution explanation

Arithmetic on char values gives an int, so cast the result back to char.

Show solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int k = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine().trim());
        String text = sc.nextLine();
        StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
        for (char c : text.toCharArray()) {
            if (Character.isUpperCase(c)) {
                out.append((char) ('A' + (c - 'A' + k) % 26));
            } else if (Character.isLowerCase(c)) {
                out.append((char) ('a' + (c - 'a' + k) % 26));
            } else {
                out.append(c);
            }
        }
        System.out.println(out);
    }
}

Output

Answer